HOW TO…
Calculate | Collect | Describe | Graph | Hack
Identify | Measure | Tabulate | Use | Write
CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) GAS in air
- Using Vernier’s CO2 sensor
DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO) of (aqueous) solutions
- Using Vernier’s DO sensor/probe
- Using Vernier’s optical DO sensor
DIVERSITY of macroinvertebrate communities
EFFECTS of organic pollution on macroinvertebrate communities
- Using a Biotic Index
HEIGHT of tall objects
- Using your legs or your thumb
- Using a homemade clinometer
- Using shadows, pencils or paper
LENGTH
- Using a centimeter ruler
- Using a metric ruler
LIGHT ABSORPTION by chemical substances
LIGHT
MASS – by using different types of balances. The balances included below are arranged according to the amount of precision they provide (from least to most).
- Least precise: Manual or Mechanical balances
- YouTube tutorials for the triple beam balance (Video 1) (Video 2) (Video 3)
- Interactive Flash (swf) tutorial for the Ohaus 700/800 Triple Beam Balance
- Interactive Flash (swf) tutorial for the Ohaus Cent-O-Gram Balance
- Interactive Flash (swf) tutorial for the Ohaus Dial-O-Gram Balance
- More precise: Top-Loading Electronic balances
- YouTube tutorials for top-loading electronic balances (Video 1) (Video 2) (Video 3)
- Interactive Flash (swf) tutorial for the Ohaus Compact Electronic Balance Series
- Interactive Flash (swf) tutorial for the Ohaus Scout Pro Electronic Balance
- Even more precise: Analytical Electronic balances
- Most precise: Micro-Analytical Electronic balances
MOISTURE in soil
OXYGEN (O2) GAS in air
- Using Vernier’s O2 gas sensor
pH of (aqueous) solutions
- Using litmus paper
- Using pH test strips
- Using a universal indicator solution
- Using Vernier’s pH sensor
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS of stream channels
- Using various field techniques
READING SCALES of lab instruments
- Practice reading the scales commonly found on measuring scales and weighing scales
SURFACE AREA
TEMPERATURE
- How to read thermometers in degrees Celcius
- Reading a thermometer
- Using a laboratory thermometer
- Using Vernier’s stainless steel temperature probe
- Using Vernier’s Go Wireless temperature probe
- Using Vernier’s extra-long temperature probe
TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS in (aqueous) solutions
TURBIDITY of (aqueous) solutions
VOLUME of liquids
- Using graduated cylinders (Video 1)(Video 2) (Video 3) (Video 4, which pays special attention to accuracy, precision, and uncertainty)
- Using beakers, cylinders, Erlenmeyer flasks, and volumetric flasks (Video 1)
VOLUME of irregular shaped (solid) objects
- by displacement
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